Analytical review of electronic and electrome-chanical systems of electric vehicles

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30977/VEIT.2023.23.0.3

Keywords:

electric car, Tesla, electronic stability control system, electronic brake force distribution system, active air suspension, electric amplifier

Abstract

Problem. This article addresses the issue of developing environmentally friendly vehicles and their electronic and electromechanical components. It provides an analytical review of advanced electromechanical technologies utilized in the creation of Tesla electric cars. Specifically, the study analyzes the electronic stability control system, active pneumatic suspension, and electric power steering. The perspective of electric cars lies in their ability to meet the economic requirements of modernity and align with the "Zero Emission" paradigm. The obtained results can serve as recommendations for the development of electronic and electromechanical systems and complexes of electric vehicles, benefiting scientific and technical professionals engaged in the creation of environmentally friendly vehicles. Goal. This study aims to analyze the advanced technologies used in the development of electronic and electromechanical systems of Tesla electric cars. Methodology. The research employs an analytical study of the characteristics of the electronic and electromechanical systems of Tesla electric cars to achieve the set goal. It includes a detailed analysis of the electronic stability control system, active pneumatic suspension, and electric power steering. Results. An analysis of scientific publications reveals that the problem of creating environmentally friendly and energy-efficient vehicles is currently being solved through the use of electric drives powered by traction batteries. Modern electric cars have overcome drawbacks such as low dynamics, limited range, and low maximum speed, surpassing similar internal combustion engine vehicles in these aspects. Tesla electric cars are currently the most technologically advanced and promising in this field. The analysis focuses on the technical solutions and advanced technologies employed in Tesla Model S electric cars, specifically the electronic stability control system, active pneumatic suspension, and electric power steering. The conducted research allows for an assessment of the current state of electronic and electromechanical systems in electric cars and provides insights into their future development. Originality. The results of this research provide a comprehensive understanding of the present state of electronic and electromechanical systems in Tesla electric cars. It enables a detailed analysis and exploration of the advanced technologies used in the development of Tesla electric cars and their distinctive features. Practical Value. The research findings contribute to identifying promising directions for the development of contemporary electronic and electromechanical systems in electric vehicles. They serve as a basis for creating recommendations concerning electronic stability control systems, active pneumatic suspension, and electric power steering, which can be valuable to scientific and technical professionals involved in the development of environmentally friendly vehicles.

Author Biographies

Oleh Smyrnov, Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, 25, Yaroslava Mudrogo str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine.

professor, Doct. of Science, Vehicle Electronics Department

Anna Borysenko, Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, 25, Yaroslava Mudrogo str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine

Ph.D., Assoc. Prof., Vehicle Electronics Department

References

EVO Report 2022. BloombergNEF. Bloomberg Finance LP. (б. д.). BloombergNEF. https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook/

Tesla's Model Y tops new car registrations in Eu-rope in September - report. (2022, 27 жовтня). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/teslas-model-y-tops-new-car-registrations-europe-september-report-2022-10-27/

Model S. (б. д.). Tesla. https://www.tesla.com/models

Tesla Model S Plaid breaks all the records in first independent test, but 0-60 mph has a caveat. (б. д.). Electrek. https://electrek.co/2021/06/17/tesla-model-s-plaid-breaks-records-in-first-independent-test-but-0-60-mph-caveat/

2021 Tesla Model S: Costs, Facts, And Figures. (2021, 24 вересня). hotcars.com. https://www.hotcars.com/2021-tesla-model-s-costs-facts-and-figures/

Martins, L. S., Guimarães, L. F., Botelho Junior, A. B., Tenório, J. A. S., & Espinosa, D. C. R. (2021). Electric car battery: An overview on global demand, recycling and future approaches towards sustainability. Journal of Environmental Management, 295, 113091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113091

Ehrenberger, S., Dasgupta, I., Brost, M., Gebhardt, L. & Seiffert, R. (2022). Potentials of Light Electric Vehicles for Climate Protection by Substituting Passenger Car Trips. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 13(10):183. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13100183

Muratori, M., Alexander, Marcus, Arent, Doug, Bazilian, Morgan, Dede, Ercan M., Farrell, John, Gearhart, Chris, Greene, David, Jenn, Alan, Key-ser, Matthew, Narumanchi, Sreekant, Pesaran, Ahmad, Sioshansi, Ramteen, Suomalainen, Emi-lia, Tal, Gil, Walkowicz, Kevin, Ward & Jacob. (2021). The rise of electric vehicles—2020 status and future expectations. United States. https://doi:10.1088/2516-1083/abe0ad

Hardman, S., Shiu, E., & Steinberger-Wilckens, R. (2015). Changing the fate of Fuel Cell Vehicles: Can lessons be learnt from Tesla Motors? Inter-national Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(4), 1625–1638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.149

Ding, N., Prasad, K., & Lie, T. T. (2017). The elec-tric vehicle: a review. International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 9(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijehv.2017.082816

Sharma, S., Panwar, A. K., & Tripathi, M. M. (2020). Storage technologies for electric vehicles. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineer-ing (English Edition), 7(3), 340–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2020.04.004

Ravali, G. G., & Raju, K. N. (2021). Technologi-cal developments in batteries: a survey of model-ling, estimation, and management strategies for EV application. International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 13(2), 194. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijehv.2021.10041359

Gupta, A., & Kumar, H. (2022). Multi-dimensional perspectives on electric vehicles de-sign: A mind map approach. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 8, 100483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100483

Charles, C. M. R., & Savier, J. S. (2022). An over-view on hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles. International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 14(1/2), 56. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijehv.2022.125248

Mitropoulos, L. K., Prevedouros, P. D., & Kopeli-as, P. (2017). Total cost of ownership and exter-nalities of conventional, hybrid and electric vehi-cle. Transportation Research Procedia, 24, 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.117

Смирнов, О.П., Борисенко, А.О., Марченко А.В., Романенко, А. В., & Євтушенко С. В. (2019). Дослідження та діагностика електрич-них систем електромобіля BMW i3. Авто-мобільний транспорт, (44), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.30977/AT.2219-8342.2019.44.0.5

Smyrnov, O.P., Borysenko, A.O., Marchenko A.V., Romanenko, A. V., & Yevtushenko S. V. (2019). Doslidzhennia ta diahnostyka elektrych-nykh system elektromobilia BMW i3. Avtomo-bilnyi transport, (44), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.30977/AT.2219-8342.2019.44.0.5. [in Ukrainian]

Смирнов, О.П., Борисенко, А.О., & Марченко А.В., (2019). Розрахунок енергоємності тяго-вих акумуляторних батарей для електричних транспортних засобів. Автомобільний транс-порт, (45), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.30977/AT.2219-8342.2019.45.0.31. Smyrnov, O.P., Borysenko, A.O., Marchenko A.V., (2019). Rozrakhunok enerhoiemnosti tiahovykh akumuliatornykh batarei dlia elektrychnykh transportnykh zasobiv. Avtomobilnyi transport, (45), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.30977/AT.2219-8342.2019.45.0.31 [in Ukrainian]

Смирнов, О. П., Борисенко, А. О., & Марченко, А. В. (2019). Діагностика високовольтної аку-муляторної батареї електромобіля Nissan Leaf. Автомобіль і електроніка. Сучасні тех-нології , (16), 19-25. http://veit.khadi.kharkov.ua/article/view/187283. Smyrnov, O. P., Borysenko, A. O., & Marchenko, A. V. (2019). Diahnostyka vysokovoltnoi akumuliatornoi batarei elektromobilia Nissan Leaf. Avtomobil i elektronika. Suchasni tekhnolohii , (16), 19-25. http://veit.khadi.kharkov.ua/article/view/187283

[in Ukrainian]

Tesla Electric Vehicles: Reviews, Pricing, and Specs. (б. д.). Car and Driver. https://www.caranddriver.com/tesla

Smyrnov O., Borysenko A. Analysis of design features of systems and components of the Tesla Model S electric car. Automobile transport. 2022. No. 51. P. 35–42. URL: https://doi.org/10.30977/at.2219-8342.2022.51.0.04 (date of access: 20.05.2023).

Fix Your Tesla - A directory of shops servicing Teslas and a forum for DIY Tesla owners. (б. д.). Fix Your Tesla - A directory of shops servicing Teslas and a forum for DIY Tesla owners. http://www.fixyourtesla.com/

Смирнов О., Какубава Р. Дослідження активної пневматичної підвіски Tesla Model S. Матеріали VII Міжнародної науково-технічної Інтернет-конференції «Автомобіль і електроніка. Сучасні технології», ХНАДУ, м. Харків, 23-24 листоп. 2020 р. Харків, 2019. С. 58–60. Smyrnov O., Kakubava R. Doslidzhennia aktyv-noi pnevmatychnoi pidvisky Tesla Model S. Ma-terialy VII Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-tekhnichnoi Internet-konferentsii «Avtomobil i elek-tronika. Suchasni tekhnolohii», KhNADU, m. Kharkiv, 23-24 lystop. 2020 r. Kharkiv, 2019. S. 58–60.

Published

2023-06-29

How to Cite

Smyrnov, O., & Borysenko, A. (2023). Analytical review of electronic and electrome-chanical systems of electric vehicles. Vehicle and Electronics. Innovative Technologies, (23), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.30977/VEIT.2023.23.0.3

Issue

Section

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OF MOTOR VEHICLES. ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES