Vehicle and electronics. Innovative technologies

Study of an autonomous solar power plant for a motorhome

Pavlo Sokhin — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Problem. An RV combines two essential features desired by modern travelers: the ability to relax in unconventional locations while still being able to work remotely if your job requires remote access. However, if you're accustomed to the conveniences that rely on electrical power, you'll find yourself searching for places to connect to the centralized power grid. Alternatively, you'll need to seek solutions to this issue. One of the most intriguing and effective solutions is the installation of a low-power solar power station on the RV, based on photovoltaic modules. This solution enables you to park and enjoy any location you prefer while benefiting from all the available technologies powered by electricity. Goal. This study aims to investigate the installation of an autonomous solar power station on an RV and determine its electrical power generation capacity. Methodology. Analytical research methods were employed to explore the development and application of solar energy conversion methods and devices to generate electricity. Experimental research methods and mathematical techniques for processing experimental data were also utilized. Results. The RV type suitable for installing an autonomous solar power station has been identified, specifically the Roller Team Sirio 599. An investigation of its equipment in terms of electricity consumption has been conducted. Furthermore, a self-sustaining solar station has been proposed for the selected RV, and the electricity generation schedule of this station has been studied. The electricity consumption by RV appliances has been thoroughly examined. Originality. This study explored the volt-ampere characteristics of photovoltaic modules and their power generation dependency on the load. The investigated photovoltaic modules demonstrate maximum operational efficiency in the active load range from 3 ohms to 3.5 ohms. Practical Value. The research findings indicate that starting from March, the solar power station on the RV is fully capable of meeting its electricity consumption needs. In the winter months, particularly in November, in Ukraine's climate conditions, this solar power station may only cover a portion of electricity consumption needs. Considering that electrical devices are often used for heating the RV, this solar power station should not be relied upon as the primary source of electrical power.

The development directions of light-duty electric vehicle designs in the aspect of resource saving

Stanislav Voytkiv — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Problem. Every year, light-duty electric vehicles are used more and more for the delivery of various industrial goods, food products, and postal items to end consumers, in particular, on the orders of individuals. Such electric vehicles are called last-mile delivery vehicles. According to the main design and operational parameters, they belong to two categories – to three- or four-wheeled motor vehicles of category L and four-wheeled category N1. Today, light-duty electric vehicles with very different load capacities (from 50 kg to 800 kg) and autonomous mileage (from 30 km to more than 150 km) are manufactured and operated. It is clear that their operational characteristics are so different that their adequate comparison of different models is very often practically meaningless. And the selection of the values of the main technical and operational parameters at the stage of developing sketch proposals according to different structural schemes and on the basis of different aggregate base causes significant problems. Goal. The determination of the directions of development of the domestic field of design and production of promising competitive models of light-duty electric vehicles, taking into account modern problems of resource conservation, and development of recommendations regarding the selection of the values of their main technical and operational parameters and characteristic relative indicators. Methodology. On the basis of analytical studies, the classification of light-duty electric vehicles by load capacity was developed and the determination, taking into account the developed classification, of the recommended values of their defining technical and operational parameters. On the basis of expert assessment of existing systems of modular unification of structures of light-duty electric vehicles, the concept of their modular design system was developed. Results. On the basis of analytical studies, the classification of light-duty electric vehicles by load capacity was developed and the determination, taking into account the developed classification, of the recommended values of their defining technical and operational parameters. On the basis of expert assessment of existing systems of modular unification of structures of light-duty electric vehicles, the concept of their modular design system was developed. Originality. The relative indicators of the technical excellence of light-duty electric vehicles are proposed, the concept of a modular design system of standard-sized series of maximum-unified basic chassis of such vehicles is developed. Practical value. The proposed classification of small-capacity electric vehicles by cargo capacity greatly facilitates the selection of their relative evaluation indicators and operational parameters at the stage of developing draft proposals for the creation of promising and competitive models for the organization.

Application of logical methods in expert analysis of automotive engine failures in operation

Alexander Khrulev, Olexii Saraiev, Iryna Saraіevа — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Problem. It is known that the causes of failures in automotive engines can be determined based on existing experience in studying various engine malfunctions. However, an analysis of known methods for determining the causes of car engine failures shows that their use in practice, including in diagnosing the technical condition of engines, requires a lot of work and highly qualified personnel that in many cases is practically ineffective. Logical-probabilistic methods are also known, including those based on fault tree analysis. However, it is not possible to use such models and methods in searching for the c auses of engine failure. Goal. The purpose of the study is to create a methodology for determining the causes of faults and failures in engine operation, which can be applied with help of a logical way and applicable not only by the specialists with expert level, but also the wide qualification. Methodology. The solution to this problem was found in several stages. Initially, by structuring the symptoms, a fault tree was constructed that logically describes the cause-and-effect relationships between the failure event and the original damage that caused it. Data from expert studies of engine failures were used to construct the graph. This was done for each of the engine failure types selected for analysis. Next, a modified (inverted) fault tree was developed for a finite number of selected failure types. Results. Obtained logical graphs allow you to perform a simple logical analysis in the opposite direction from the generally accepted one, from the event of a system failure to the basic damage events that cause it. After obtaining logical graphs for each type of failure, a modified engine fault tree can be compiled, common to the considered types of failures. Originality. The proposed method was widely used previously in the study of reliability of various technical systems, however, this method for the first time has been proposed to determine the causes of engine failures. Practical value. As a result of using the proposed methodology in practice, it it became possible to determine the causes of failure in the engine with enough reliability for practice and minimal time expenditure.

Analysis of opportunities to increase the level of active car safety

Maksym Tovstokoryi, Andrii Hnatov — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Problem. Increasing the active safety of automobiles remains an important issue in modern automotive engineering. This study will investigate opportunities to increase the effectiveness and scope of automotive active safety measures. Current active safety measures, while effective, are limited in their ability to address the dynamic and multifaceted nature of hazards on the road. Factors such as human error, changing road conditions, and the emergence of new traffic patterns still pose significant risks. These challenges require a comprehensive analysis of opportunities to increase the effectiveness of active car safety. To address these challenges, novel technologies must be explored, industry collaboration must be encouraged, and adaptable standards must be established to integrate and enhance active safety features in vehicles. Thus, itis essential to identify and capitalize on opportunities for progress in active vehicle safety to reduce traffic crashes and promote safer transportation systems Goal. The overarching goal is to significantly improve the effectiveness and breadth of active safety measures for vehicles. This includes: enhanced protection, proactive risk reduction, technology integration, behavioral adaptation, and regulatory strengthening. Achieving these goals will require a multidisciplinary approach that combines technological innovation, behavioral science, regulatory adaptation, and industry collaboration to create a comprehensive and effective active vehicle safety ecosystem. Methodology. Analytical research methods are used, Researching and developing cutting-edge technologies. Originality. A detailed analysis was carried out and the principles of operation of systems and mechanisms included in active safety systems were presented. This analysis will allow to determine the advantages and disadvantages that should be paid attention to when studying these systems. Practical value. Enhanced active car safety offers a variety of benefits and has substantial value. Reduced accidents and fatalities: Reduced accidents and fatalities, advanced safety measures can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of accidents, leading to fewer injuries and fatalities on the road. Improved traffic flow, proactive safety systems reduce potential hazards and contribute to smoother traffic flow and less congestion caused by accidents. Technological innovation, advances in active safety can contribute to broader technological innovation and influence advances in areas other than automotive safety.

Comparative analysis of electrical models of lith-ium-ion batteries in electric vehicles

Oleh Smyrnov , Anna Borysenko — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Problem. This article addresses the challenge of enhancing the environmental friendliness and energy efficiency of vehicles. It does so by conducting a comparative analysis and identifying ways to improve the electrical models of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles. The study includes an examination of well-known electrical models of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, such as the Rint model, the RC model, the Thevenin model, and the PNGV model. It identifies key characteristics of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, including state of charge, mass, actual voltage, energy required for recharging, among others. The study also explores models of battery degradation, focusing on capacity reduction and the increase in active resistance. It substantiates directions for improving electrical models of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles by considering changes in capacity, internal resistance, polarization resistance, and both calendar and cyclic degradation. Goal. The aim of this work is to enhance the environmental friendliness and energy efficiency of vehicles through a comparative analysis and by determining ways to improve the electrical models of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Methodology. Our approach to achieving this goal involves using electrical models of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, which describe various parameters such as state of charge, actual voltage during charge/discharge processes, and energy required for recharging. The study encompasses an investigation into the degradation of electric vehicle batteries, including their use in Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology. Results. The analysis of electrical models of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, aiming to increase their accuracy, considers the following aspects: changes in internal resistance and polarization resistance; capacity variation; and battery degradation. The change in internal resistance and polarization resistance should be considered based on two factors: the state of charge of the battery and the degree of its degradation. While the first factor is relevant primarily when the battery is deeply discharged (SoC<30%), the second factor must be considered at any state of charge. Capacity changes should be accounted for based on calendar and cyclic degradation. It has been determined that the primary causes of degradation in electric vehicle batteries are calendar aging (service life) and aging due to charge/discharge cycles. Contrarily, it is argued that using Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology can reduce battery degradation by 10%. Originality. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the electrical models of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and contribute to the improvement of existing models. Practical value. This research enhances the accuracy of current electrical models of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles by considering the variable nature of internal resistance and capacity during vehicle operation. It may be valuable in assessing the residual parameters of electric vehicle batteries during their secondary use, such as in the residential sector for solar energy support. The findings can be recommended to scientific and technical professionals involved in developing energy storage systems for electric vehicles.

Innovative approaches to the education of students of technical specialties in the conditions of war in Ukraine

Shchasiana Arhun, Iryna Trunova, Andrii Hnatov, Hanna Hnatova — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Problem. The military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine became a challenge to the very existence of the state, its sovereignty and collegiality, and also severely affected all components of education. There was a significant threat to the life and health of the participants of the educational process, large-scale destruction of the educational infrastructure took place, which caused the forced large-scale movement of participants in the educational process within Ukraine and abroad, and led to the deterioration of the provision of educational services and the acquisition of knowledge by those seeking education. This especially applies to specialties of the practical direction. Goal. The aim of this work is to find ways to address the issue of educating Ukrainian students in technical specialties during times of war, to ensure safety, and improve the quality of educational services. Methodology. The study involves analytical research on laboratory and practical work in the context of distance learning. It includes detailed analysis the existing experience of remote performance of laboratory work and the possibilities of their use in the educational process of Ukrainian universities under the conditions of war was conducted. Results. The search for ways to borrow existing experience in the remote execution of laboratory work and the possibilities of their use in the educational process of Ukrainian universities in wartime conditions showed that it is advisable to implement them using the laboratory of digital remote electrical engineering education “My Digital Electrical Engineering”, developed by Riga Technical University. The structure of this laboratory and the algorithm for working with it have been studied. Originality. A step-by-step algorithm for introducing the laboratory of digital distance electrical engineering education into the educational process of KhNADU is proposed. Practical value. The results of this study can be used to enhance the process of distance learning in technical universities of Ukraine during times of war, ensuring safety and improving the quality of educational services.

Research of electric vehicle battery packs and charging stations based on an active three-phase rectifier

Ruslan Bahach — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Problem. The proliferation of electric vehicles has underscored the need for the development of energy-efficient charging stations and systems. These systems must deliver high efficiency, maintain a power factor close to unity, adhere to electromagnetic compatibility standards, emit low levels of higher harmonics, and enable fast charging capabilities. Current electric vehicle charging devices encounter issues such as significant power losses, high harmonic emissions to the power grid, and challenges in implementing fast charging modes. Consequently, enhancing the energy efficiency of charging stations – by reducing power losses, minimizing harmonic emissions, ensuring a high power factor, and supporting modes for regulated current and voltage sources for fast charging – is a pressing concern. Goal. The aim of this work is to perform a comparative analysis of different types of batteries for electric vehicles, exemplified by TESLA cars, presenting comparative characteristics of lithium-ion, lithium-iron-phosphate, and lithium-titanate batteries. Methodology. The study showcases an evaluation of battery units for electric vehicles and outlines a comparative assessment of lithium-ion, lithium-iron-phosphate, and lithium-titanate batteries. The research focuses on enhancing the energy efficiency of electric vehicle charging station systems through the use of active rectifiers, with modes for active power factor correction and optimal configuration. Results. An examination of the quality of converters for electric vehicle charging stations was conducted, proposing schemes for a three-phase active voltage source rectifier and an active current source rectifier. Power circuitry and space-vector switching states for power transistors are introduced. Analysis concludes that an active current rectifier may be a more promising topology. Originality. A model of a charging station based on an active current source rectifier was developed using Matlab/Simulink. Transient processes of the converter's operation and the charging of a 60 kWh battery pack were examined. It was found that the active rectifier facilitates regulation of the battery charging current, achieves a power factor close to unity, and maintains a low level of higher harmonic emissions with a harmonic distortion factor of 2.52%. Practical value. The advancement of electric vehicles necessitates the ongoing development and enhancement of the energy indicators for electric vehicle batteries and the converters of charging stations, especially those that enable fast charging. Active progress is being made in each of these areas.

Analytical review of wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles

Vitalii Buriakivskyi — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Problem. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the various wireless charging technologies tailored for electric vehicles (EVs). It delves into an in-depth exploration of existing methodologies, challenges, and prospective advancements in this burgeoning field. Goal. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and critical assessment of diverse wireless charging technologies tailored for electric vehicles (EVs). The primary aim is to systematically evaluate and elucidate the existing methodologies, highlighting their advantages, drawbacks, and key challenges prevalent in this domain. Methodology. The research methodology involves an extensive literature review to gather information on wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles. It includes data collection from reputable sources, comparative analysis of technologies based on efficiency and limitations, identification of trends and challenges, interpretation of findings, and conclusions with recommendations. Ethical considerations and acknowledgment of limitations are integral parts of the methodology. Originality. Research will focus on analyzing wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles, emphasizing original insights derived from comprehensive literature review, comparative analysis, and identification of emerging trends and challenges, ensuring unique contributions to the field. Ethical practices and acknowledgment of limitations will be integral aspects of the research. Conclusions. The study presents detailed results of a comparative analysis that highlights the effectiveness, limitations, and emerging trends in wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles. It presents the findings of a comprehensive review that provides insight into the current state and future prospects of these technologies. Practical value. Research aims to provide practical value by offering insights into the effectiveness, limitations, and future potential of wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles, contributing actionable recommendations for industry stakeholders and policymakers.